ACT Reading 3: Reading Strategies and Question Types

Reading

Reading is the process of interpreting symbols to extract meaning, usually from written language through sight or touch. It can include visual symbols, tactile signals such as Braille, and non-speech-based symbols such as pictograms.

Why is reading considered a multifaceted process?

Proficient reading depends on multiple interacting skills, including word recognition, orthography, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension, punctuation knowledge, and motivation.

Fluency in reading

Reading fluency is the ability to read accurately, quickly, and with appropriate expression. Fluency allows cognitive resources to be devoted more fully to understanding the text.

How does vocabulary contribute to reading comprehension?

Readers must know the meanings of words to construct meaning from a text. A larger vocabulary supports faster interpretation, more precise understanding, and deeper comprehension.

What is the difference between reading words in isolation and reading them in context?

Reading words in isolation can improve recognition speed and memory for their spellings. Reading words in context better develops semantic knowledge and comprehension.

Subvocalization

Subvocalization is the experience of internally sounding out or pronouncing words during silent reading. Although speed-reading advocates often portray it as harmful, phonological coding can help skilled readers distinguish and understand words.

Speed reading

Speed reading refers to techniques intended to increase reading rate without unacceptable losses in comprehension or retention. Proposed methods include skimming and grouping words, but extremely high rates, such as 1,000 words per minute with full comprehension, should be viewed skeptically.

Analytical reading

Analytical reading examines a nonfiction work's structure and purpose, the logic of its claims, and the merits of its arguments and conclusions. Judgment of the work is ideally suspended until its reasoning has been fully understood.

SQ3R

SQ3R is a study-reading method consisting of Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review. It is designed to promote active understanding and recall, especially when preparing to explain or teach material.