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30 cards
Alkane
A saturated hydrocarbon with single bonds between carbon atoms.
What is the general formula for alkanes?
$C_nH_{2n+2}$
Alkene
An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
What is the general formula for alkenes?
$C_nH_{2n}$
Alkyne
An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
What is the general formula for alkynes?
$C_nH_{2n-2}$
Aromatic
A hydrocarbon with conjugated pi electron systems, like benzene.
Alcohol
An organic compound with a hydroxyl ($-OH$) functional group attached to a saturated carbon atom.
What is the general structure of an alcohol?
$R-OH$
Ether
An organic compound with an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
Aldehyde
An organic compound containing a formyl group ($-CHO$) where the carbon is bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Ketone
An organic compound with a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to two carbon atoms.
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
Carboxyl group ($-COOH$)
Ester
An organic compound derived from the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, containing a $-COO-$ group.
Amine
An organic compound derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups.
Amide
An organic compound containing a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to a nitrogen atom.
Nitrile
An organic compound containing a cyano group ($-C\equiv N$).
What is a functional group?
A specific group of atoms within a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions of that molecule.
Phenol
An aromatic compound with a hydroxyl group directly attached to a benzene ring.
What reaction can convert an alcohol to an alkene?
Dehydration reaction
Thiol
An organic compound containing a sulfhydryl group ($-SH$).
Halide
An organic compound containing a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I) bonded to carbon.
What is the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions in halides?
Involves the replacement of a leaving group by a nucleophile.
Acetal
A compound formed from an aldehyde or ketone with two alcohol molecules, featuring two $-O-R$ groups.
Hemiacetal
A compound formed from an aldehyde or ketone with one alcohol molecule, featuring one $-OH$ and one $-O-R$ group.
What type of isomerism occurs due to restricted rotation around double bonds?
Cis-trans (geometric) isomerism
Epoxide
A three-membered cyclic ether with an oxygen atom and two carbon atoms.
What is the reaction type that converts alkenes to epoxides?
Epoxidation
What does the term 'electrophile' refer to?
A species that accepts an electron pair, typically involved in chemical reactions with nucleophiles.
Grignard reagent
An organomagnesium compound used in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.
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