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First Amendment
Protects the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
Second Amendment
Guarantees the right to keep and bear arms.
Third Amendment
Prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent.
Fourth Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures; requires warrants to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.
Fifth Amendment
Provides the right to due process and protects against double jeopardy and self-incrimination.
Sixth Amendment
Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, and the right to counsel.
Seventh Amendment
Preserves the right to a jury trial in civil cases exceeding a certain monetary threshold.
Eighth Amendment
Prohibits excessive fines and bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment.
Ninth Amendment
States that the listing of individual rights in the Constitution is not exhaustive.
Tenth Amendment
Asserts that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people.
Thirteenth Amendment
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
Fourteenth Amendment
Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and guarantees equal protection under the laws.
Fifteenth Amendment
Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
What is the main purpose of the Bill of Rights?
To protect individual liberties by limiting government power.
Nineteenth Amendment
Grants women the right to vote.
Twenty-second Amendment
Limits the President to two terms in office.
Twenty-fourth Amendment
Prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections.
Twenty-sixth Amendment
Lowers the voting age to 18 years.
What case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Which amendment abolished the poll tax?
Twenty-fourth Amendment
What does the establishment clause prohibit?
The government from establishing an official religion.
What is the significance of the 'Due Process Clause'?
Ensures fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially in legal rights.
Which amendment is known for granting equal protection?
Fourteenth Amendment
What was the impact of the Twenty-first Amendment?
Repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, ending Prohibition.
What is the 'Free Exercise Clause'?
Part of the First Amendment that protects the right to practice any religion or no religion at all.
What does the term 'incorporation' refer to in constitutional law?
The application of the Bill of Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
Why was the Equal Rights Amendment not ratified?
It failed to receive the necessary approval from three-fourths of the state legislatures.
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