Law — Constitutional Amendments

First Amendment

Protects the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

Second Amendment

Guarantees the right to keep and bear arms.

Third Amendment

Prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent.

Fourth Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures; requires warrants to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.

Fifth Amendment

Provides the right to due process and protects against double jeopardy and self-incrimination.

Sixth Amendment

Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, and the right to counsel.

Seventh Amendment

Preserves the right to a jury trial in civil cases exceeding a certain monetary threshold.

Eighth Amendment

Prohibits excessive fines and bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment.

Ninth Amendment

States that the listing of individual rights in the Constitution is not exhaustive.

Tenth Amendment

Asserts that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people.

Thirteenth Amendment

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

Fourteenth Amendment

Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and guarantees equal protection under the laws.

Fifteenth Amendment

Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

What is the main purpose of the Bill of Rights?

To protect individual liberties by limiting government power.

Nineteenth Amendment

Grants women the right to vote.

Twenty-second Amendment

Limits the President to two terms in office.

Twenty-fourth Amendment

Prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections.

Twenty-sixth Amendment

Lowers the voting age to 18 years.

What case established judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Which amendment abolished the poll tax?

Twenty-fourth Amendment

What does the establishment clause prohibit?

The government from establishing an official religion.

What is the significance of the 'Due Process Clause'?

Ensures fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially in legal rights.

Which amendment is known for granting equal protection?

Fourteenth Amendment

What was the impact of the Twenty-first Amendment?

Repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, ending Prohibition.

What is the 'Free Exercise Clause'?

Part of the First Amendment that protects the right to practice any religion or no religion at all.

What does the term 'incorporation' refer to in constitutional law?

The application of the Bill of Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

Why was the Equal Rights Amendment not ratified?

It failed to receive the necessary approval from three-fourths of the state legislatures.